django tutorial part 1-3

badminton/asgi.py

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+"""
+ASGI config for badminton project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'badminton.settings')
+
+application = get_asgi_application()

badminton/settings.py

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+"""
+Django settings for badminton project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.4.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
+BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-h1@o4r1d7d%t3h#hfnh4ip_m-w=e-u43!)!0(_4qchijzlhfxj'
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = True
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
+
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    "polls.apps.PollsConfig",
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
+    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
+    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = 'badminton.urls'
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
+        'DIRS': [],
+        'APP_DIRS': True,
+        'OPTIONS': {
+            'context_processors': [
+                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
+                'django.template.context_processors.request',
+                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
+                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = 'badminton.wsgi.application'
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    'default': {
+        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
+        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
+    }
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
+    },
+    {
+        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = 'de-DE'
+
+TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Berlin'
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = 'static/'
+
+# Default primary key field type
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

badminton/urls.py

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+"""
+URL configuration for badminton project.
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import include, path
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path("polls/", include("polls.urls")),
+    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
+]

badminton/wsgi.py

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+"""
+WSGI config for badminton project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'badminton.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()

manage.py

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+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'badminton.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

polls/admin.py

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+from django.contrib import admin
+
+from .models import Question
+
+admin.site.register(Question)

polls/apps.py

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+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class PollsConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = 'polls'

polls/migrations/0001_initial.py

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+# Generated by Django 5.0.4 on 2024-04-09 14:39
+
+import django.db.models.deletion
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Question',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('question_text', models.CharField(max_length=200)),
+                ('pub_date', models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='date published')),
+            ],
+        ),
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='Choice',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('choice_text', models.CharField(max_length=200)),
+                ('votes', models.IntegerField(default=0)),
+                ('question', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='polls.question')),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

polls/models.py

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+import datetime
+from django.utils import timezone
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class Question(models.Model):
+    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.question_text
+    def was_published_recently(self):
+        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+    
+class Choice(models.Model):
+    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
+    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
+    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.choice_text

polls/templates/polls/detail.html

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+<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
+<ul>
+    {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
+    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li>
+    {% endfor %}
+</ul>

polls/templates/polls/index.html

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+{% if latest_question_list %}
+<ul>
+    {% for question in latest_question_list %}
+    <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
+    {% endfor %}
+</ul>
+{% else %}
+<p>No polls are available.</p>
+{% endif %}

polls/tests.py

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+from django.test import TestCase
+
+# Create your tests here.

polls/urls.py

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+from django.urls import path
+
+from . import views
+
+app_name = "polls"
+urlpatterns = [
+    path("", views.index, name="index"),
+    path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
+    path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
+    path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
+]

polls/views.py

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+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+from .models import Question
+
+def index(request):
+    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+    context = {"latest_question_list": latest_question_list}
+    return render(request, "polls/index.html", context)
+
+def detail(request, question_id):
+    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
+    return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
+
+def results(request, question_id):
+    response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
+    return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
+
+def vote(request, question_id):
+    return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)